Dataset statistics
| Number of variables | 11 |
|---|---|
| Number of observations | 156 |
| Missing cells | 23 |
| Missing cells (%) | 1.3% |
| Duplicate rows | 0 |
| Duplicate rows (%) | 0.0% |
| Total size in memory | 22.2 KiB |
| Average record size in memory | 146.0 B |
Variable types
| NUM | 10 |
|---|---|
| CAT | 1 |
Reproduction
| Analysis started | 2020-05-18 10:54:53.618074 |
|---|---|
| Analysis finished | 2020-05-18 10:55:06.851020 |
| Duration | 13.23 seconds |
| Version | pandas-profiling v2.7.1 |
| Command line | pandas_profiling --config_file config.yaml [YOUR_FILE.csv] |
| Download configuration | config.yaml |
Country (region) has a high cardinality: 156 distinct values | High cardinality |
Corruption has 8 (5.1%) missing values | Missing |
Log of GDP per capita has 4 (2.6%) missing values | Missing |
Healthy life expectancy has 6 (3.8%) missing values | Missing |
Country (region) is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Ladder is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
SD of Ladder is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Positive affect is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Negative affect is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Social support is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Freedom is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Corruption is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Generosity is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Log of GDP per capita is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Healthy life expectancy is uniformly distributed | Uniform |
Country (region) has unique values | Unique |
Ladder has unique values | Unique |
SD of Ladder has unique values | Unique |
| Distinct count | 156 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
| Lebanon | 1 |
|---|---|
| Germany | 1 |
| Turkmenistan | 1 |
| Paraguay | 1 |
| Spain | 1 |
| Other values (151) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Lebanon | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Germany | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Turkmenistan | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Paraguay | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.6% | |
| France | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Finland | 1 | 0.6% | |
| China | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Uruguay | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (146) | 146 | 93.6% |
Length
| Max length | 24 |
|---|---|
| Mean length | 8.211538462 |
| Min length | 4 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Lowercase_Letter | 26 | 50.0% | |
| Uppercase_Letter | 23 | 44.2% | |
| Close_Punctuation | 1 | 1.9% | |
| Space_Separator | 1 | 1.9% | |
| Open_Punctuation | 1 | 1.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Latin | 49 | 94.2% | |
| Common | 3 | 5.8% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| ASCII | 52 | 100.0% |
| Distinct count | 156 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.5 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 156 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.75 |
| Q1 | 39.75 |
| median | 78.5 |
| Q3 | 117.25 |
| 95-th percentile | 148.25 |
| Maximum | 156 |
| Range | 155 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 45.17742799 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5755086368 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78.5 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12246 |
| Variance | 2041 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 156 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 49 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 56 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 55 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 54 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 53 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 52 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 51 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 50 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 48 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (146) | 146 | 93.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 156 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 156 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.5 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 156 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.75 |
| Q1 | 39.75 |
| median | 78.5 |
| Q3 | 117.25 |
| 95-th percentile | 148.25 |
| Maximum | 156 |
| Range | 155 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 45.17742799 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5755086368 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78.5 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12246 |
| Variance | 2041 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 156 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 49 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 56 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 55 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 54 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 53 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 52 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 51 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 50 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 48 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (146) | 146 | 93.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 156 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 155 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 1 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.0 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 155.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.7 |
| Q1 | 39.5 |
| median | 78 |
| Q3 | 116.5 |
| 95-th percentile | 147.3 |
| Maximum | 155 |
| Range | 154 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 44.88875137 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754968125 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12090 |
| Variance | 2015 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 127 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 60 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 51 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 50 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 101 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 119 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 20 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 89 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 11 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 80 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (145) | 145 | 92.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 151 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 155 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 1 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.0 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 155.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.7 |
| Q1 | 39.5 |
| median | 78 |
| Q3 | 116.5 |
| 95-th percentile | 147.3 |
| Maximum | 155 |
| Range | 154 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 44.88875137 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754968125 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12090 |
| Variance | 2015 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 99 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 51 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 6 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 45 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 38 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 35 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 97 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 113 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 62 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (145) | 145 | 92.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 151 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 155 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 1 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.0 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 155.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.7 |
| Q1 | 39.5 |
| median | 78 |
| Q3 | 116.5 |
| 95-th percentile | 147.3 |
| Maximum | 155 |
| Range | 154 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 44.88875137 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754968125 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12090 |
| Variance | 2015 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 148 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 90 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 28 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 12 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 91 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 34 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 53 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 69 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 71 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 86 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (145) | 145 | 92.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 151 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 155 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 1 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.0 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 155.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.7 |
| Q1 | 39.5 |
| median | 78 |
| Q3 | 116.5 |
| 95-th percentile | 147.3 |
| Maximum | 155 |
| Range | 154 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 44.88875137 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754968125 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12090 |
| Variance | 2015 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 81 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 49 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 45 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 144 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 126 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 18 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 47 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 42 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 57 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (145) | 145 | 92.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 151 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 148 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 8 |
| Missing (%) | 5.1% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 74.5 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 148.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.35 |
| Q1 | 37.75 |
| median | 74.5 |
| Q3 | 111.25 |
| 95-th percentile | 140.65 |
| Maximum | 148 |
| Range | 147 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 73.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 42.86801449 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754095905 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 74.5 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 37 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 11026 |
| Variance | 1837.666667 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 61 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 79 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 96 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 130 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 30 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 100 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 92 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 131 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 68 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 115 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (138) | 138 | 88.5% | |
| (Missing) | 8 | 5.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 148 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 147 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 146 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 145 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 144 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 155 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 1 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 78.0 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 155.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.7 |
| Q1 | 39.5 |
| median | 78 |
| Q3 | 116.5 |
| 95-th percentile | 147.3 |
| Maximum | 155 |
| Range | 154 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 44.88875137 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754968125 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 78 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 39 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 12090 |
| Variance | 2015 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 85 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 39 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 119 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 83 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 40 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 105 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 10 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 42 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 95 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 102 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (145) | 145 | 92.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 155 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 154 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 153 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 151 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 152 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 4 |
| Missing (%) | 2.6% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 76.5 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 152.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.55 |
| Q1 | 38.75 |
| median | 76.5 |
| Q3 | 114.25 |
| 95-th percentile | 144.45 |
| Maximum | 152 |
| Range | 151 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 75.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 44.02272141 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754604105 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 76.5 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 38 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 11628 |
| Variance | 1938 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 140 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 33 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 37 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 27 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 43 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 62 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 86 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 48 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 38 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (142) | 142 | 91.0% | |
| (Missing) | 4 | 2.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 152 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 151 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 150 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 149 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 148 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Distinct count | 150 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 6 |
| Missing (%) | 3.8% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 75.5 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1.0 |
| Maximum | 150.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 1.3 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 8.45 |
| Q1 | 38.25 |
| median | 75.5 |
| Q3 | 112.75 |
| 95-th percentile | 142.55 |
| Maximum | 150 |
| Range | 149 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 74.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 43.44536799 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5754353376 |
| Kurtosis | -1.2 |
| Mean | 75.5 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 37.5 |
| Skewness | 0 |
| Sum | 11325 |
| Variance | 1887.5 |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 143 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 6 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 41 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 9 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 68 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 58 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 70 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 45 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 61 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 38 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| Other values (140) | 140 | 89.7% | |
| (Missing) | 6 | 3.8% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 3 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 150 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 149 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 148 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 147 | 1 | 0.6% | |
| 146 | 1 | 0.6% |
Pearson's r
The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Spearman's ρ
The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Kendall's τ
Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.
Phik (φk)
Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.First rows
| Country (region) | Ladder | SD of Ladder | Positive affect | Negative affect | Social support | Freedom | Corruption | Generosity | Log of GDP per capita | Healthy life expectancy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Finland | 1 | 4 | 41.0 | 10.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 47.0 | 22.0 | 27.0 |
| 1 | Denmark | 2 | 13 | 24.0 | 26.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 22.0 | 14.0 | 23.0 |
| 2 | Norway | 3 | 8 | 16.0 | 29.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 11.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 |
| 3 | Iceland | 4 | 9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 45.0 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 13.0 |
| 4 | Netherlands | 5 | 1 | 12.0 | 25.0 | 15.0 | 19.0 | 12.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 18.0 |
| 5 | Switzerland | 6 | 11 | 44.0 | 21.0 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 7.0 | 16.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 |
| 6 | Sweden | 7 | 18 | 34.0 | 8.0 | 25.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 17.0 | 13.0 | 17.0 |
| 7 | New Zealand | 8 | 15 | 22.0 | 12.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 26.0 | 14.0 |
| 8 | Canada | 9 | 23 | 18.0 | 49.0 | 20.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 8.0 |
| 9 | Austria | 10 | 10 | 64.0 | 24.0 | 31.0 | 26.0 | 19.0 | 25.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 |
Last rows
| Country (region) | Ladder | SD of Ladder | Positive affect | Negative affect | Social support | Freedom | Corruption | Generosity | Log of GDP per capita | Healthy life expectancy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 146 | Haiti | 147 | 111 | 142.0 | 119.0 | 146.0 | 152.0 | 48.0 | 20.0 | 138.0 | 125.0 |
| 147 | Botswana | 148 | 125 | 87.0 | 65.0 | 105.0 | 60.0 | 54.0 | 150.0 | 66.0 | 113.0 |
| 148 | Syria | 149 | 137 | 155.0 | 155.0 | 154.0 | 153.0 | 38.0 | 69.0 | NaN | 128.0 |
| 149 | Malawi | 150 | 132 | 129.0 | 110.0 | 150.0 | 65.0 | 64.0 | 109.0 | 147.0 | 119.0 |
| 150 | Yemen | 151 | 85 | 153.0 | 75.0 | 100.0 | 147.0 | 83.0 | 155.0 | 141.0 | 124.0 |
| 151 | Rwanda | 152 | 63 | 54.0 | 102.0 | 144.0 | 21.0 | 2.0 | 90.0 | 132.0 | 103.0 |
| 152 | Tanzania | 153 | 122 | 78.0 | 50.0 | 131.0 | 78.0 | 34.0 | 49.0 | 125.0 | 118.0 |
| 153 | Afghanistan | 154 | 25 | 152.0 | 133.0 | 151.0 | 155.0 | 136.0 | 137.0 | 134.0 | 139.0 |
| 154 | Central African Republic | 155 | 117 | 132.0 | 153.0 | 155.0 | 133.0 | 122.0 | 113.0 | 152.0 | 150.0 |
| 155 | South Sudan | 156 | 140 | 127.0 | 152.0 | 148.0 | 154.0 | 61.0 | 85.0 | 140.0 | 143.0 |